Indigenous dairy breeds of cattle - Livestocks | Animal Husbandry


Indigenous dairy breeds of cattle

Gir

  • This breed is otherwise known as Bhadawari, Desan, Gujarati, Kathiawari, Sorthi, and Surati.
  • Originated inGir forests of South Kathiawar in Gujarat also found in Maharashtra and adjacent Rajasthan.
  • Basic colours of skin are white with dark red or chocolate-brown patches or sometimes black or purely red.
  • Horns are peculiarly curved, giving a ‘half moon’ appearance.
  • Milk yield ranges from 1200-1800 kgs per lactation.
  • Age at first calving 45-54 months and inter calving period from 515 to 600 days.
  • This is known for its hardiness and disease resistance

Red Sindhi

  • This breed is otherwise called as Red Karachi and Sindhi and Mahi.
  • Originated in Karachi and Hyderabad (Pakistan) regions of undivided India and also reared in certain organized farms in our country.
  • Colour is red with shades varying from dark red to light, strips of white.
  • Milk yield ranges from 1250 to 1800 kg per lactation.
  • Age at first calving 39-50 months and inter calving period from 425-540 days.
  • Bullocks despite lethargic and slow can be used for road and field work.

Sahiwal

  • Originated in Montgomery region of undivided India.
  • This breed otherwise known as Lola (loose skin), Lambi Bar, Montgomery, Multani, Teli.
  • The best indigenous dairy breed.
  • The colour is reddish dun or pale red, sometimes flashed with white patches.
  • Heavy breed with symmetrical body having loose skin.
  • The average milk yield of this breed is between 1400 and 2500 kg per lactation.
  • Age at first calving ranges from 37 to 48 months and the calving interval is 430 to 580 days


Indigenous Draught breeds of cattle

Hallikar

  • Originated from the former princely state of Vijayanagarm, presently part of Karnataka.
  • The colour is grey or dark grey.
  • They are compact, muscular and medium size animal with prominent forehead, long horns and strong legs.
  • The breed is best known for its draught capacity and especially for its trotting ability.

Amritmahal

  • Originated in Hassan, Chikmagalur and Chitradurga district of Karnataka.
  • The Maharajahs of Mysore developed this breed.
  • Amiritmahals are grey cattle but their shade varies from almost white to near black.
  • The muzzle, feat and tail are usually black.
  • Horns are long and end in sharp black points.

Khillari

  • Originated fromSholapur and Sitapur districts of Maharashtra.
  • Closely resembles Hallikar breed.
  • Grey-white in colour. New borns have dusty red colour which disappears in couple of months.
  • Long horns turn forwards in a peculiar fashion. The horns are generally black, sometimes pinkish.
  • Bullocks are fast and powerful.

Kangayam

  • Also known as kongu and konganad.
  • Originated in Kangayam, Dharapuram, Perundurai, Erode, Bhavani and part of Gobichettipalayam taluk of Erode and Coimbatore district.
  • The Kangayam breed was developed by the efforts of the late Pattogar of Palayakottai, Sri N. Nallathambi Sarkari Manradiar.
  • Coat is red at birth, but changes to grey at about 6 months of age.
  • Bulls are grey with dark colour in hump, fore and hind quarters.
  • The horns are spread apart, nearly straight with a slight curve backwards.
  • Cows are grey or white. However, animals with red, black, fawn and broken colours are also observed.
  • The eyes are dark and prominent with black rings around them.
  • Moderate size with compact bodies.

Bargur

  • Found around Bargur hills in Bhavani taluk of Erode district.
  • Developed for work in uneven hilly terrains.
  • Bargur cattle are of brown colour with white markings. Some white or dark brown animal are also seen.
  • Animals are well built, compact and medium in size.
  • Known for their speed and endurance in trotting.
  • Cautious in behaviour and tends to remain away from strangers.

Umblachery

  • It is otherwise called asJathi madu, Mottai madu, Molai madu, Therkathi madu.
  • Originated inThanjavur, Thiruvarur and Nagappattinam districts of Tamil Nadu.
  • Suitable for wet ploughing and known for their strength and sturdiness.
  • Umblachery calves are generally red or brown at birth with all the characteristic white marking on the face, on limbs and tail.
  • The legs have white markings below the hocks like socks.
  • The practice of dehorning of bullocks is peculiar in Umblachery cattle. Unlike in other breeds the bullocks are dehorned.

Pulikulam

  • This breed is commonly seen in cumbum valley of Madurai district in Tamilnadu.
  • Also known as Jallikattu madu, kidai madu, sentharai.
  • Small in size, usually grey or dark grey with farm markings.
  • Well- developed hump.
  • Mainly used for penning in the field.
  • Useful for ploughing.
  • Presence of reddish or brownish spots in muzzle, eyes, switch and back is the characteristic feature of this breed. 
  • They have the typical backward curving horns of Mysore type cattle.



Indigenous Dual purpose breeds of Cattle

Tharparkar

  • Originated inTharparkar district (Pakistan) of undivided India and also found in Rajasthan.
  • Otherwise known as White Sindhi, Gray Sindhi and Thari.
  • They are medium sized, compact and have lyre-shaped horn.
  • Body colour is white or light grey.
  • The bullocks are quite suitable for ploughing and casting and the cows yield 1800 to 2600 kg of milk per lactation.
  • Age at first calving ranges from 38 to 42 months and inter calving period from 430 to 460 days.

Hariana

  • It was originated from Rohtak, Hisar, Jind and Gurgaon districts of Haryana and also popular in Punjab, UP and parts of MP.
  • Horns are small.
  •  The bullocks are powerful work animals.
  • Hariana cows are fair milkers yielding 600 to 800 kg of milk in lactation.
  • The age at first calving is 40 to 60 months and calving interval is 480 to 630 days


Kankrej

  • It is otherwise called as Wadad or Waged, Wadhiar.
  • Originated from Southeast Rann of Kutch of Gujarat and adjoining Rajasthan (Barmer and Jodhpur district).
  • The horns are lyre-shaped.
  • Colour of the animal varies from silver-grey to iron-grey or steel black.
  • The gait of Kankrej is peculiar called as 1 ¼ paces (sawai chal).
  • Kankrej is valued for fast, powerful, draught cattle. Useful in ploughing and carting.
  • The cows are good milkers, yielding about 1400 kg per lactation.

Ongole

  • Otherwise known as Nellore.
  • Home tract is Ongole taluk in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh.
  • Large muscular breed with a well developed hump.
  • Suitable for heavy draught work.
  • White or light grey in colour.
  • Average milk yield is 1000 kg per lactation. Age at first calving is 38 to 45 months and the intercalving period is 470 days.
  • Exported to south East Asian and American countries for development of meat cattle.

Krishna Valley

  • Originated from black cotton soil of the water shed of the river Krishna in Karnataka and also found in border districts of Maharastra.
  • Animals are large, having a massive frame with deep, loosely built short body.
  • Tail almost reaches the ground.
  • Common colour grey white with a darker shade on fore quarters and hind quarters in male. Adult females are more whitish in appearance.
  •  The bullocks of this breed are powerful animals useful for slow ploughing, and valued for their good working qualities.
  • The cows are fair milkers, average yield being about 900 kg per lactation.

Deoni

  • This breed otherwise known as Dongerpati, Dongari, Wannera, Waghyd, Balankya, Shevera.
  • Originated in Western Andra Pradesh and also found in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state and adjoining part of Karnataka.
  • Body colour is usually spotted black and white.
  • Age at first calving ranges from 894 to 1540 days.
  • Milk yield ranges from 636 to 1230 kg per lactation.
  • Caving interval averages 447 days.
  • Bullocks are suitable for heavy cultivation.






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