Button Mushroom Farming 2026: बटन मशरूम की खेती कैसे करें? (Complete Guide + Setup Cost, Yield, Profit Project Report)
Introduction
Button Mushroom (White Button Mushroom) भारत में सबसे ज्यादा बिकने वाली मशरूम है। इसकी खेती Indoor / Controlled Environment (AC Rooms) में की जाती है, इसलिए यह एक high investment लेकिन high demand business माना जाता है।
अगर आप 2026 में commercial button mushroom farming शुरू करना चाहते हैं तो यह पोस्ट आपके लिए complete guide है— जिसमें आपको मिलेगा:
✅ room setup + equipment list
✅ compost preparation + casing soil
✅ temperature/humidity management
✅ yield & profit calculation
✅ bank loan DPR points
✅ FAQs + schema
✅Button Mushroom क्या है?
Button mushroom एक edible मशरूम है, जो mainly hotels, restaurants, fast food chains और households में बहुत popular है।
वैज्ञानिक नाम और अन्य जानकारी
Scientific name: Agaricus bisporus
Common name: White Button Mushroom
Ideal temperature: 14–18°C (fruiting)
Crop cycle: 60–90 days (including compost)
System: Fully indoor controlled cultivation
✅ Button Mushroom Farming का Scope 2026
भारत में बटन मशरूम की मांग लगातार बढ़ रही है क्योंकि:
✅ consumption pattern बदल रहा है
✅ restaurants, pizza/burger chains में high use
✅ health food demand बढ़ी है
✅ high value crop होने से profit अच्छा होता है
📌 लेकिन ध्यान रखें:
Button mushroom farming में technical knowledge + climate control बहुत जरूरी है।
✅ Button Mushroom Farming कहाँ और कब करें?
Button mushroom की खेती:
traditional season में winter (without AC) possible
लेकिन commercial large scale production के लिए AC controlled rooms best
Best Season
October–March (open winter systems)
Year-round production possible (AC rooms)
✅ Temperature & Humidity Requirements (Most Important)
Button mushroom cultivation का success पूरी तरह environment control पर depend है।
Key Environmental Conditions
| Stage | Temperature | Humidity |
|---|---|---|
| Spawn run (mycelium growth) | 22–25°C | 80–90% |
| Pinhead initiation | 16–18°C | 85–90% |
| Fruiting/harvest | 14–18°C | 85–90% |
| CO₂ level | Low | Proper ventilation |
✅ Fresh air exchange very important है, क्योंकि CO₂ ज्यादा होने पर mushroom long/stemmy हो जाता है।
✅ Infrastructure & Room Setup
Button mushroom के लिए आपको insulated AC room चाहिए।
Room Requirements
insulation (PUF panels recommended)
washable walls
cemented floor with drainage
AC/chilling unit
humidifier/fogger
exhaust fans + circulation fans
insect-proof entry
Rack System
GI/MS racks (3–5 tier)
trays for compost filling
✅ Equipment List (2026)
Essential Equipment
AC / chiller system
Insulated room (PUF panels)
GI racks + trays
Humidifier / fogger
Exhaust fans + fresh air fan
Temperature controller
Hygrometer + thermometer
CO₂ monitor (optional but best)
Water pipeline + sprayers
Crates + packing material
✅ Commercial level पर compost pasteurization system भी जरूरी होता है।
✅ Button Mushroom Production Process (Step-by-Step)
✅ Step 1 – Compost Preparation (सबसे महत्वपूर्ण)
Button mushroom compost के बिना नहीं उगता। Compost बनाने के लिए raw materials:
Compost materials
wheat straw
chicken manure / urea
gypsum
water
Composting method
straw wetting (pre-wet)
heap formation
turning (every 2–3 days)
compost ready in 18–25 days (depends)
📌 Compost quality = yield की guarantee
✅ Step 2 – Compost Pasteurization
Compost में bacteria/fungus kill करने के लिए:
steam pasteurization
controlled tunnel system (commercial)
Purpose:
✅ competitor fungi kill
✅ pest eggs destroy
✅ uniform compost
✅ Step 3 – Spawning (Spawn Mixing)
compost temp 25°C से नीचे हो
spawn rate: 0.5–1% (practice differs)
trays/beds में compost भरकर spawn mix करें
✅ Step 4 – Spawn Run (Incubation)
temperature 22–25°C
humidity 85–90%
12–18 days में mycelium compost में फैल जाता है
✅ Step 5 – Casing Soil (Casing layer)
Spawn run के बाद compost के ऊपर casing layer डालते हैं:
Casing material
peat + lime (best)
याsoil + FYM + sand (sterilized)
✅ Casing का काम:
moisture retention
pinhead formation
✅ Step 6 – Pinning & Fruiting
temperature drop to 16–18°C
humidity 85–90%
fresh air supply बढ़ाएँ
pinheads appear in 7–10 days
✅ Step 7 – Harvesting
button stage में harvest करें (cap closed)
clean trimming
packing in ventilated boxes
✅ Yield (Production Capacity)
Yield depends on:
compost quality
room control
spawn quality
Practical Yield
Commercial unit में:
20–25% biological efficiency common
1000 kg compost → 200–250 kg mushroom (approx.)
✅ Button Mushroom Project Report 2026 (Setup Cost)
Button mushroom का setup cost high होता है।
✅ Small AC Unit (500 sq.ft)
| Component | Cost (₹) |
|---|---|
| Insulated room (PUF panels) | 5 – 10 lakh |
| AC/chiller system | 4 – 8 lakh |
| Racks + trays | 1 – 3 lakh |
| Humidifier + ventilation | 1 – 2.5 lakh |
| Electrical + pipeline | 70k – 2 lakh |
| Composting unit (basic) | 2 – 6 lakh |
| ✅ Total Setup | ₹14 – 31 lakh |
✅ Medium Commercial Unit
2–4 rooms + tunnel compost
✅ total investment: ₹25 – 60 lakh
✅ Operating Cost (Per Cycle)
Major expenses:
compost raw material
spawn
electricity (AC heavy)
labour
Cost estimate (Small unit/cycle)
compost + spawn: ₹1.5–3 lakh
electricity: ₹60k–1.2 lakh
labour + misc: ₹40k–90k
✅ Total: ₹2.5–5 lakh/cycle
✅ Profit Calculation (2026)
Example (Small AC unit):
compost used: 10,000 kg
yield: 2,000–2,500 kg mushroom
selling price: ₹180–300/kg (seasonal)
✅ Gross income
2,200 kg × ₹220 = ₹4,84,000
✅ Net profit
Gross ₹4.8 lakh – cost ₹3.5 lakh
✅ Profit ≈ ₹1.0–1.5 lakh per cycle
📌 Price winter में कम, summer में higher हो सकता है— profit fluctuate करता है।
✅ Marketing Plan (High Selling)
Button mushroom की सबसे best marketing:
✅ hotels/restaurants supply
✅ supermarket tie-ups
✅ cold storage chain
✅ direct retail packs (200g/500g)
✅ local distributors
✅ Branding: “Fresh, Hygienic, Indoor Grown”
✅ Risks & Disease Management
Button mushroom में सबसे common problems:
❌ green mould (Trichoderma)
❌ wet bubble disease
❌ bacterial blotch
❌ mites/flies
✅ Prevention
compost pasteurization
strict sanitation
insect-proof entry
maintain correct temp/humidity
infected trays remove immediately
✅Conclusion
Button mushroom farming 2026 में एक high investment but high demand business है। अगर आपके पास:
✅ controlled room setup
✅ composting knowledge
✅ proper marketing
तो यह बिजनेस बहुत अच्छा profit दे सकता है।
✅ FAQs
Button mushroom के लिए temperature कितना चाहिए?
Fruiting stage में ideal temperature 14–18°C होता है।
Button mushroom farming में सबसे ज्यादा खर्च किसका होता है?
सबसे ज्यादा खर्च insulated AC room + composting + electricity का होता है।
Button mushroom की yield कितनी होती है?
1000 kg compost से approx 200–250 kg mushroom मिल सकता है (management पर depend).
Button mushroom farming profitable है?
हाँ, profitable है लेकिन investment और technical control जरूरी है।
